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Arthritis is swelling and pain of the joints. When this problem is chronic, the most common form is juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).

Nephrotic syndrome can occur at any age but is most common between the ages of 18 months and 8 years. Boys are affected more often than girls. A child may come to the child care or school with the diagnosis or may develop it while enrolled.

Marfan syndrome is an inherited condition. It affects the tissues that connect parts of the body.

Mitochondrial disorders are a diverse group of diseases caused by damage to small structures found in human cells that are essential in converting food to energy. The result is decreased energy production and associated symptoms.

Muscular dystrophy is a group of genetic diseases that cause muscle wasting and weakness. The most common type is Duchenne muscular dystrophy, which is progressive and occurs only in boys.

Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is a drug withdrawal syndrome that some infants experience after birth and that generally follows exposure to an opioid.

There are many types of neurocutaneous syndromes (syndromes that include skin findings). The most common is neurofibromatosis (NF). There are 7 types of NF. Although they are all different, they all have skin and neurologic findings. Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is the most common type, and, while

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic condition that affects the brain and causes newborns and young infants to be weak and slow to gain weight but shifts to causing excessive hunger and weight gain in toddlers. It affects boys and girls equally.

One in 10 babies (9.6%) was born prematurely in the United States in 2016.

Febrile seizures are described as generalized (whole brain and body involved), tonic-clonic (shaking) movements of a child’s body in response to a high fever. These seizures represent abnormal brain electrical activity triggered by fever.